Finvest
TME Digital Media · China internet · Music streaming · Subscriptions · Thesis updated July 20, 2026

TME's music pivot works, but competition bites

01 Running thesis

A better music business, under pressure

TME has shifted from chasing user count to making more money from each serious music fan. The clearest proof is online music paying users reaching 127.4 million in Q4 2025, while music subscription revenue grew 13% year over year to RMB 4.6 billion.

The bull case is simple. TME is using standard subscriptions, a premium SVIP tier, and a newer ad-supported plan to reach different types of listeners. Non-subscription music revenue, including offline concerts and artist merchandise, grew 41% year over year to RMB 2.5 billion in Q4 2025.

The bear case is also real. Management expects short-term pressure on subscription revenue in 2026 because competition is intense. It will also stop giving quarterly paying-user and ARPPU updates, which may make investors worry more about churn between annual reports.

Ximalaya is the big pending deal. If it closes and integrates well, TME should be stronger in long-form audio. If it drags, or if regulators slow it down, that catalyst could turn into a wait-and-see story.

Apr 2026The 2025 Form 20-F confirmed 127.4 million online music paying users in Q4 2025. It also confirmed the proposed Ximalaya acquisition, which could strengthen long-form audio.
Mar 2026Q4 2025 revenue grew 15% year over year to RMB 8.6 billion, led by Online Music. The update also added two concerns: tougher 2026 subscription competition and less frequent user metric reporting.
Nov 2025Q3 showed ARPPU rising to RMB 11.9 and very fast growth in offline performances and merchandise. The offset was margin risk because management said those newer areas have lower gross margin.
Aug 2025Q2 showed SVIP subscribers crossing 15 million and ARPPU reaching RMB 11.7. TME also described a 3-tier membership system that includes an ad-supported plan.
Apr 2025The 2024 Form 20-F supported the same core view: Online Music subscriptions were rising while Social Entertainment was shrinking. No major thesis change was needed.
Apr 2025Q1 2025 showed ARPPU rising to RMB 11.4 and gross margin reaching 44.1%. TME also stopped quarterly Social Entertainment operating metrics, making the music pivot clearer.
Mar 2025Q4 2024 showed Online Music revenue up 16% year over year and gross margin at 43.6%. Social Entertainment was still falling, but the drag had narrowed.
Nov 2024Q3 2024 confirmed the SVIP strategy, including a 10 million subscriber milestone. Management also pointed to 20 million to 30 million SVIP users as a level where ARPU could respond more clearly.
02 Business model

From free listeners to paid fans

TME runs a freemium model. Many people can listen for free, then TME tries to move them into paid plans, ad-supported plans, premium SVIP plans, digital albums, concert tickets, and fan merchandise.

SVIP is the key profit lever. It adds higher-end sound, special content, digital perks, and some event-related benefits. Management has said the company is more focused on revenue and profit than user volume.

That focus has a tradeoff. Offline shows and artist merchandise can lift revenue fast, but management has said those businesses carry lower gross margins. In plain English, each extra yuan of sales may leave less profit than a subscription yuan.

The reporting change matters. TME will report total paying users across music services annually, not quarterly. That may fit the new profit focus, but it also gives outside investors less frequent proof that subscribers are staying.

03 Product portfolio

Apps, SVIP, and live fandom

Growth engine

QQ Music

QQ Music is one of TME's core streaming apps. It also hosts newer fan features like the bubble community, where users can interact more directly with artists.

Cash cow

Kugou Music

Kugou is another major music platform in the TME network. It helps the company reach a large base of Chinese listeners across free and paid plans.

Steady

Kuwo Music

Kuwo rounds out TME's main streaming app group. Its role is to keep users inside the TME music ecosystem and feed the subscription funnel.

Growth engine

SVIP membership

SVIP is the premium paid tier. Features include higher-end audio such as 3D Audio 2.0, VIPER Ultra Sound, DTS Booming External Speaker, and in-car audio experiences.

Option

Ad-supported membership

The ad-supported plan is meant to bring more free users into a paid or semi-paid habit. It is part of TME's 3-tier membership system.

Growth engine

Offline concerts and fan merchandise

This business is growing quickly and helped non-subscription music revenue rise 41% year over year in Q4 2025. The catch is lower gross margin than core subscriptions.

Option

Ximalaya long-form audio

TME announced a proposed acquisition of Ximalaya in June 2025. If completed, it would add scale in audiobooks, podcasts, and other long-form audio.

04 Business segments

Online music now dominates

Online Music Services83%growing fast
Social Entertainment Services and others17%declining

The mix uses Q4 2025 segment revenue: Online Music Services at RMB 7.1 billion and Social Entertainment Services and others at RMB 1.5 billion. The business is now concentrated in Online Music, while Social Entertainment remains in managed decline.

05 Risk factors

What could break the song

Subscription price pressure

High impact · Medium odds

Management warned of short-term pressure on subscription revenue in 2026 from intense competition. If rivals discount or lock up content, TME may have to spend more or accept lower pricing power.

We watchWatch annual paying users, subscription revenue growth, and any comments on SVIP pricing or churn.

Less frequent user reporting

Medium impact · High odds

TME plans to stop giving quarterly paying-user and ARPPU metrics. That may match its profit focus, but it reduces outside visibility. A weak annual update could hurt trust fast because investors will have fewer early warning signs.

We watchWatch the first annual paying-user disclosure under the new reporting format.

Lower-margin growth mix

Medium impact · High odds

Concerts and artist merchandise are growing faster than subscriptions. Management has said these areas have lower gross margins. If they become too large in the mix, revenue can rise while profit quality softens.

We watchWatch gross margin, non-subscription music revenue growth, and management comments on fan goods and offline events.

AI weakens music IP value

Medium impact · Medium odds

Management said AI-generated hit songs create a huge challenge for promoting original music and protecting IP value. If cheap AI songs flood the market, users may care less about premium catalogs. That could reduce the value of TME's content spending.

We watchWatch comments on AI music, original catalog demand, and content cost growth.

Ximalaya deal risk

Medium impact · Medium odds

The proposed Ximalaya acquisition could make TME stronger in long-form audio. But a delayed close, difficult integration, or weak user overlap would reduce the payoff. The market may give little credit until the deal is closed and working.

We watchWatch regulatory status, closing timing, and post-close audio user or revenue disclosures.

Social Entertainment drag

Low impact · High odds

Social Entertainment is no longer the growth center. It fell 5% year over year to RMB 1.5 billion in Q4 2025. The decline is more managed than before, but it still weighs on total company growth.

We watchWatch quarterly Social Entertainment revenue and whether the decline speeds up again.
06 Quick answers

In one breath

How does Tencent Music make money?

TME makes money from music subscriptions, ads, digital music sales, concerts, artist merchandise, and Social Entertainment services. The highest-quality part of the model is the music subscription base, especially premium SVIP users.

Why is TME changing how it reports users?

Management says it is focusing more on revenue and profit than on user volume. Starting after Q4 2025, it plans to report total paying users across music services once a year instead of every quarter.

What is the Ximalaya deal?

In June 2025, TME announced a proposed acquisition of Ximalaya, a leading online audio platform in China. The deal would add strength in long-form audio such as audiobooks and podcasts if it closes.

Is the Social Entertainment business still important?

It still adds revenue, but it is no longer the main growth driver. In Q4 2025, Social Entertainment Services and others produced RMB 1.5 billion and fell 5% year over year.